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| Mariane Pearl and her son, Adam. |
Listen to the entire program (53:01)
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A French journalist and practicing Buddhist, Mariane Pearl is the widow of Wall Street Journal correspondent Daniel Pearl who was kidnapped and murdered by Islamic extremists in Pakistan four months after the September 11 attacks. During this time, she was pregnant with their first child.
In her memoir A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl, she offers a close up reflection on the human dynamics of the war on terror and the courage of the Pakistani security officers who fought to find and save her husband. Mariane Pearl doesn't perceive her husband's death as a defeat. She says that years of Buddhist practice and chanting gave her the clarity to see exactly what the terrorists goals were, and how to resist them a spiritual practice of defiance that sustains her even today. Host Krista Tippett talks with Mariane Pearl about her story and how she's given it meaning.
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 *Times denoted refer to web version of audio
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| (01:31) |
Story of Daniel Pearl's Abduction
On January 23, 2002, on the way to an interview with a supposed terrorist leader, Pearl was kidnapped by a militant group calling itself The National Movement for the Restoration of Pakistani Sovereignty. This group claimed Pearl was a spy and sent the United States a range of demands, including the freeing of all Pakistani terror detainees and the release of a halted U.S. shipment of F-16 fighter jets to the Pakistani government.
There was no response to pleas from Pearl's editor and Mariane, who was pregnant with their first child. Nearly two weeks later after the terrorist's deadline had passed, officials suspected that Daniel Pearl was murdered the U.S. Government confirmed his death on February 21st. On May 17, Daniel Pearl's remains were found in a shallow grave in the outskirts of Karachi. The BBC provides a detailed timeline of the events that transpired. |
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| (02:10) |
Krista References Sheik Visit
On January 23, 2002, Daniel Pearl went to visit Sheikh Mubarak Ali Shah Gilani (read more about him in a piece reported by 60 Minutes II), a revered Islamic leader who Pearl hoped could tell him about Richard Reid, the alleged shoe bomber. Formerly listed in the United States report on terrorism, Sheikh Gilani currently has several thousand followers residing in the United States. |
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| (02:22) |
Actualities of Danny's Abduction
The audio clips heard can be listened to in their entirety: the first excerpted from a February 2002 report by Adam Mynott of BBC News and the second from a February 2, 2002 report on National Public Radio's Weekend Edition with Susan Stamberg and Anne Garrels. |
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| (04:01) |
Mariane's Question of Values
Krista mentions that Mariane Pearl writes about her and Danny's conversation about religion and values. The following excerpt from A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl recounts one of these conversations:
A year ago in Bombay, influenced by the spiritual heft of India, I rolled my office chair next to Danny's desk and asked him which value he considered most essentialin other words, what did he see as his personal religion? I didn't mean a religion inherited from a tradition, but the values he placed above all else. Danny, who was then working on an article about pharmaceutical products, told me he understood and promised he would think it over. A few minutes later, he rolled his matching chair next to mine. "Ethics," he declared with a triumphant air. "Ethics and truth." |
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| (08:31) |
Reference to Scene in Memoir
Read an extended version of the line Krista recites from Mariane Pearl's book, A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl:
Inside, Asra has prepared a true honeymooners' bedroom for us. There are flowers and pine-scented candles, a bottle of massage oil, another of bubble bath. To the left of our bed, a small window covered with wire looks out onto a room off the courtyard where a foldout cot occupies the place of honor next to a clothesline draped with children's clothes. This is the property of the house servants, Shabir and Nasrin, who could themselves be called the property of the house, because Asra hired them when she rented the place. I visited their room. They have nothing. They sleep on the floor, and their tiny daughter, Kashva, a doll-like girl with short hair, sleeps tucked between her parents. Nasrin is pregnant. I dare not say "like me," so different will our two children's destinies be. |
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| (09:56) |
Reading about Poverty in Karachi
Mariane Pearl tells Krista about the overwhelming scale of poverty in the world that many Westerners fail to acknowledge. Pearls states that without addressing the chaos that stems from this, peace will not be possible. In the following passage, excerpted from A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl and read during the program, Mariane Pearl describes the state of Karachi and her distrust of the city:
As I awaken I struggle, I struggle for the right words to describe this place. It is the curse of all journalists, I suppose, to be writing a story even as you are living it. I am not sure I'll ever get to know Karachi. I have distrusted this city from the start, though we are partly here to find out if its bad reputation is deserved. Once relatively stable, even sleepy, Karachi became a nexus for drug and arms trafficking in the 1980s. Now the city is an intricate puzzle, decadent and beastly at the same time, metastasizing into a capital of blind hatred and violent militancy.
The Pakistani people are equally fractured. Those born in their own land hate the Muslim immigrants who arrived from India after the two countries were partitioned in 1947. The Sunni Muslims loathe the Shiite Muslims. Since 1998 more than seventy doctors have been assassinated in Karachi; most were Shiites mowed down by Sunni zealots. And the pro-Taliban fundamentalists, who have been sinking deep roots here, detest the rest of the world.
There are so many people in this city, but no one seems to know how to count them all. Are there ten million? Twelve? Fourteen? Most of Pakistan is landlocked, pressed between India and Afghanistan, with parts of its borders touching southwestern Iran and the farthermost reaches of China. But Karachi, on the brown coast of the Arabian Sea, is the country's major port and, as such, is a magnet for migrants who drift in from the Pakistani countryside and across the border from even poorer placesAfghan villages, Bangladesh, the rural outposts of India. By day you see the poor burn under the scorching sun, selling vegetables and newspapers at dusty crossroads. At night they disappear in the labyrinthine streets, lending the city an air of foreboding. To us, this third-world city may glow with a feeble light, but Karachi draws the desperately poor like a torch draws fireflies. |
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| (16:11) |
Pearl on Complexity of World's Problems
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| Daniel Pearl on his wedding day. |
Mariane Pearl states that we need "to embrace the complexity of the world" and to realize that young men in the impoverished world lack the chance to dream and hope. The following excerpt from A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl illustrates how she held these beliefs in the midst of Danny's abduction:
As Tariq Jameel whispers into the phone in Urdu, another official-looking man, in his mid-thirties, polite and smiling and dressed in a suit, summons me with a discreet gesture. He tells me he is from an acronym's police branchlike Asra, I've lost track of themand he asks for a photo of Danny "for the needs of the inquiry." We happen to have made identity photographs recently and I riffle through Danny's computer bag for his. When I pull it out, Danny's sweet and slightly ironic glance crosses mine, and something suddenly starts screaming inside me. I experience an instant of pure panic. I feel a devastating urge to charge into the streets shouting his name, demanding that he be given back to me now.
I am Danny, I am our son, I am revolted.
The anger that rushes through me goes well beyond the hellish night I've just lived through. In a flash, I feel a terrible bond not only with the victims of September 11 but also with the kids brainwashed to become instruments of death in the name of an invented Islam. The terrible absurdity of it all overwhelms me. |
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| (19:30) |
Reference to Fierce Buddhist
Mariane Pearl mentions that her recitation of Buddhist chants helped her to see clearly during the trying events of Danny's abduction. In her book, she writes, "Tuning out the boisterous chatter, I pray, silently formulating Nam Myoho Renge Kyo, the Buddhist mantra I have chanted for more than eighteen years."
Listen to "Brother Thây: A Radio Pilgrimage with Thich Nhat Hanh," a program produced by Speaking of Faith in which the Vietnamese Buddhist teacher explains the concepts of "engaged Buddhism" and "mindfulness" tools for people to use when dealing with anger. |
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| (21:45) |
Reading about Danny's Defiance
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| Daniel Pearl making hand gestures while being photographed by his abductors. | Mariane Pearl explains that she and Danny showed their opposition to terrorists through their spirit of defiance one in the face of death, the other in the face of life. The following account from A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl depicts this defiance:
The men guarding Danny spoke very limited English. He couldn't communicate with them or they with him. I suppose that's why they didn't notice what he was doing with his fingers when they took Polaroids of himflashing a victory sign to us with one hand, shooting the bird to them with the other. And they couldn't control the spirit and defiance he showed in his face.
To the end, he fought back. In the video, my friends tell me, Danny says, "My father is Jewish, my mother is Jewish, I am Jewish." Yes, I'm sure they made him say that, just as they made him denounce American foreign policy and even perhaps include the fact that his father comes from a family of Zionists. The family did, after all, move to Israel in 1924.
But here is how I know Danny was undefeated to the end: He says on the video, "In the town of Benei Beraq in Israel there's a street called Chaim Pearl Street, which is named after my great-grandfather, who was one of the founders of the town."
This was not a piece of information his captors could have known or forced Danny to utter before the cameras for their propaganda purposes. The choice of those words and the decision to say them was pure Danny Pearl, his own act of defiance, essentially saying, "If you are going to kill me for who I am, then do itbut you won't have me." Danny said this for me, and for our son, and for his parents. He said it so we'd know. So we would go on. His words about the past created a future. |
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| (32:52) |
Reading about Group's Last Evening
Mariane Pearl tells Krista that it was faith and the aspects of wisdom and insight in Buddhism that helped her strength and hope during the entire ordeal.
On our last night I invite over all the men who helped me look for Danny. Randall snags beer and bad wine for the non-Muslim and the nonpregnant from the U.S. consulate commissary. Yussuf-le-cook makes canapés nobody eats. There's Captain, of course, and Dost. Jameel Yusuf and Randall Bennett. Tariq Jamil and John Bauman. FBI agent John M. and John Bussey, Asra and Steve. Zahoor. We all seem older, gray-complected with unerasable rings around our eyes, and rage and grief in our hearts. But everyone has dressed finely, as befits a ceremony.
We gather in a circle, and for a while we sit in silence. Nobody is bothered since we are sharing something none of us express. Dost presses his hands together as if in prayer, and it does feel like we're about to take an oath together. Our silence is thick with sorrow and loveand defiance.
Finally I find my voice. "You are the bravest men I have ever met. You went straight to hell, where darkness is the deepest, because you hate injustice, and racism, and tyranny. You did it for Danny and for me and for our child. But you also did it on behalf of the rest of the world. You are on the front lines of the fight against terrorism, and still, nobody knows you and how brave you are. Nobody sees how your willingness to fight the darkest threat for humanity actually makes each one of you shine as an individual."
Captain has stopped looking at me. I know he is struggling not to show his tears. I think he is proud of me. I want him to knowI want them all to knowhow proud I am of them. "I have gathered you to say thank you for having shed tears with me and also to inform you that I am going to tell the world about you. First I will tell the presidents, and then I will tell all the people."
"People need to know the truth," I go on. "If we want to put an end to terrorism, terrorists will have to face opponents as determined as they are themselves. You all are. We all are."
I stare intently at their handsome faces, lined and puffy with fatigue and anguish, and I try to carve them into my memory for the rest of my life. "I have gathered you here," I say, "to let you know that without amazing people like you around me, I couldn't have any hope left by this point. And how can anyone live without hope?"
from A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl |
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| (40:05) |
Passage about Mariane Pearl's Isolation
Mariane Pearl writes in A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl about the two days she spent by herself in order to confront the violence that had happened to her and events taking placing in the world:
There is something I must do before the baby is born. I have to face what Danny faced. I have to confront the truth, because it is like an enemy: If you turn your face from it, then you are crushed by it.
On May 25, two days before the baby is due, I take the phone off the hook, lie down alone, and imagine everything that happened to Danny. That doesn't take a great act of imagination; by this point I have a lot of details. But I force myself to see it allwhen they blindfolded him, when they took out the knife, how long they interviewed him before they started killing him. And I make myself think about what Danny thought, and to know when he was most afraid.
For two days I live through this. They are the craziest days of my life, but I have to do this, and I have to do it alone. When it is over, I know nothing can happen anymore that I don't have the courage to fight within. |
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| (46:10) |
Readings of Letters to Pearl Family
The extended passage Krista quotes from A Mighty Heart: The Brave Life and Death of My Husband Danny Pearl was written by Mariane Pearl to introduce the reader to the letters sent to her by people from around the globe, "After this excruciating ordeal, there was nothing I needed more than to be reassured about human nature. I had just experienced how barbaric human beings can be, and I was about to bring a child into the world. Living through the nightmare was like falling down a well. Those lettersyour lettershave been the rope that, word by word, allowed me to raise my hopes again and see the light at last."
The following letters appear in the order they were read during the program:
"While you don't know us, we are deeply grieved by your loss and feel as if we have lost someone from our own family.
Take couragefor something good, however small, will always come out of such a tragedyor so I believe.
With deep regret for your loss and prayers for Danny,
Zarina Mehta
Bombay
India
Dear Mrs. Pearl,
The enclosed money order was purchased with donations made by friends, family and customers of Deegan's liquor store in Woodhaven, N.Y. We were touched by you and your husband's story, and we hope this relatively small contribution can help out with some baby expenses.
Best wishes,
Elizabeth Deegan
Woodhaven, NY
Dear Mrs. Pearl and family,
I would like to offer my condolences on the untimely death of Mr. Pearl. May he rest in peace. As a Pakistani, I am ashamed of being one today. His unborn son will come into this world hating us, but is he not justified to hate us? I have no words to say how sorry I am for what happened to Danny. My heart goes out for your family. Danny died for a great cause and he is a martyr. I had hope for him all along and now console myself knowing he is happy up there with his creator and looking down and smiling and longing to see his beautiful unborn son. He will be your guardian angel. People like Danny make this world worth living in. May he rest in peace and God give you the strength you need.
Sultan, Sara, Ryaan and Raniya |
Brother Thây: A Radio Pilgrimage with Thich Nhat Hanh: A Speaking of Faith program that explores the teachings of a Vietnamese Buddhist who espouses the practice of engaged Buddhism and mindfulness.
Timeline of Danny's Abduction: BBC provides a detailed account of the events that transpired in Karachi and afterwards.
Most Inspiring Person of the Year: Read quotes by Elie Wiesel, Alan Dershowitz, and Paul Steiger nominating Daniel Pearl for the Beliefnet award.
Song for Adam Pearl: Lyrics and audio clip of a song, "For a Son," made available on the Wall Street Journal Web site. The song was written and dedicated to Adam Pearl by Bryan Gruley, a colleague of Daniel Pearl.
Daniel Pearl Foundation: Site furthering ideals that inspired Daniel's life and work. Promotes cross-cultural understanding through journalism, music, and innovative communications.
The Forgiveness Project: A grassroots organization based in London that features stories by victims who have chosen to set aside feelings of hate and blame, including Mariane Pearl's story.

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