Program Particulars
*Times indicated refer to web version of audio

(01:41–04:15) Music:
"The Multiples of One" from Awakening, performed by Joseph Curiale

(02:10) Actuality from Ceremony
The audio clip was excerpted from a report by the Canadian Broadcasting Company. In the report, Michael Stark and Michael Leshner recite their marriage vows, shortly after an Ontario higher court upheld a lower court ruling to allow same-sex marriages.

(02:23) Reference to State Banning of Gay Marriages
In the 2004 election, 11 states proposed, and voters overwhelmingly approved, amendments to their constitutions defining marriage as a heterosexual institution—effectively banning same-sex marriages. The states passing the amendments were Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, Oklahoma, Ohio, and Utah.

(02:48) First Lesbian Couple Married in San Francisco
Newly elected mayor of San Francisco, Gavin Newsom, endorsed the issuance of marriage licenses to same-sex couples and was eventually overturned. On February 13, 2004, the first same-sex couple to be legally wed in the United States, Phyllis Lyon and Del Martin, have been committed for over five decades and are well-known activists in the gay and lesbian community.

Read an article and view photographs about the ceremony and the other day's events as reported in the San Francisco Chronicle.

(03:33) Audio Clip of President Bush
The actuality of President George W. Bush was excerpted from the third Bush-Kerry debate at Arizona State University during the 2004 presidential election:

I proposed a constitutional amendment. The reason I did so was because I was worried that activist judges are actually defining the definition of marriage, and the surest way to protect marriage between a man and woman is to amend the Constitution.

Listen to the entire February 24, 2004 press conference of President Bush announcing that he would propose a constitutional amendment to uphold the Defense of Marriage Act and ban gay marriage:

Our nation must enact a constitutional amendment to protect marriage in America. Decisive and democratic action is needed because attempts to redefine marriage in a single state or city can have serious consequences throughout the country.

Frontline produced a documentary, The Jesus Factor, tracing the Evangelical roots of President Bush and how it has influenced, and continues to inform, his policy decisions while holding office.

In March 2004, the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary held hearings to consider a proposed federal constitutional amendment defining marriage as a union between a man and a woman, effectively banning same-sex marriages.

Research by Stateline.org reveals that a significant number of states have enacted laws defining marriage as an institution between a man and a woman.

(05:19) Purity Codes of Leviticus
Krista mentions that the purity codes found in Leviticus, the third book of the Old Testament, condemn homosexuality and other practices now considered morally neutral. Below are a couple examples:

Do not lie with a male as one lies with a woman; it is an abhorrence. (Leviticus 18:22)

If a man lies with a male as one lies with a woman, the two of them have done an abhorrent thing; they shall be put to death—their blood-guilt is upon them. (Leviticus 20:13)

If anyone insults his father or mother, he shall be put to death; he has insulted his father and his mother—his bloodguilt is upon him. (Leviticus 20:9)

They shall not marry a woman defiled by harlotry, nor shall they marry one divorced from her husband. (Leviticus 21:7)

(05:51–06:45) Music:
"Bella by Barlight" from Winter Was Hard, performed by Kronos Quartet

(06:00) Reading from Romans 1
A common passage cited by conservative Christians as an explicit condemnation of homosexual relationships is the first chapter of the book of Romans. Read an extended version of this New Testament writing, of which the following passage read during the program was excerpted:

For though they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their senseless minds were darkened. For this reason God gave them up to degrading passions. Their women exchanged natural intercourse for unnatural, and in the same way also the men, giving up natural intercourse with women, were consumed with passion for one another. Men committed shameless acts with men and received in their own persons the due penalty for their error.

(07:53) Reference to Panel Discussion
The panel discussion Krista mentions was chaired by Richard Mouw as part of a Christianity Today forum Just Saying 'No' is Not Enough. Working from the premise that homosexual intimacy is contrary to scripture, Mouw and three other panelists discuss how Christians in opposition to homosexual lifestyles should communicate their message in a broader public discussion.

(12:45–13:36) Music:
"Book Of Ways 1" from Book Of Ways, performed by Keith Jarrett

(14:07) Reference to Legalization of Polygamy
In response to the trial of a Utah man, Tom Green, charged with polygamy, Mr. Mouw wrote an article for Beliefnet, "A Modest Defense of Polygamy." In it, he discusses his stance on the Mormon practice of polygamy and the need for tolerance in a pluralistic society.

Rarum, Volume 1: Selected Recordings(18:51–19:33) Music:
"Americana" from Rarum, Volume 1: Selected Recordings, performed by Keith Jarrett

(21:03) Krista's Quotation of Mouw
The quote "The God whom we worship is nothing if not a god of surprises" appears in Richard Mouw's article "Why the Evangelical Church Needs the Liberal Church," published in the February 2004 issue of Sojourners Magazine.

(21:52) Quote of Apostle Paul
Mouw recites from the first chapter of the New Testament book of Romans (read the entire passage of Romans 1) when he says, "men with men, women with women, denying the natural use."

(22:52) Reference to Calvinism
Mouw defines himself as a Calvinist, a person who is capable of self-deception. The tenets of Calvinism emphasize the omnipotence of God and the salvation of the elect by God's grace alone, not through a person's own merits. Calvinism is often associated with the five points of the doctrines of grace: total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints.

(23:31–23:56) Music:
"Sarabande from Suite No. 2 in D Minor" from The Cello Suites: Inspired by Bach, performed by Yo-Yo Ma

(26:58–28:22) Music:
"Sarabande from Suite No. 2 in D Minor" from The Cello Suites: Inspired by Bach, performed by Yo-Yo Ma

(28:32–29:21) Music:
"Rob Roy" from Where in the World?, performed by the Bill Frisell Band

(29:48–30:32) Music:
"Sarabande from Suite No. 2 in D Minor" from The Cello Suites: Inspired by Bach, performed by Yo-Yo Ma

(29:52) Reference to Paradise Lost
Mollenkott says that John Milton's 1667 poem, Paradise Lost, retelling the account of creation and fall from grace found in Genesis, enabled her to read scripture with the law of love as the norm.

(30:18) Book by Mollenkott
Mollenkott wrote a groundbreaking Evangelical book on homosexuality in 1978 entitled, Is the Homosexual My Neighbor?

(33:29) Second Creation Story of Genesis
In the second creation account of Genesis, God formed man — in Hebrew, adam, the common noun for 'humankind' — and made man from the dust of the earth — in Hebrew, adamah. The Qur'anic account describes Adam as being made of clay.

The following account was taken from Tanakh: The Holy Scriptures, chapter 2, verses 4 through 24:

When the Lord God made earth and heaven—when no shrub of the field was yet on earth and no grasses of the field had yet sprouted, because the Lord God had not sent rain upon the earth and there was no man to till the soil, but a flow would well up from the ground and water the whole surface of the earth—the Lord God formed man from the dust of the earth. He blew into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being.

The Lord God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, and placed there the man whom He had formed. And from the ground the Lord God caused to grow every tree that was pleasing to the sight and good for food, with the tree of life in the middle of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and bad.

A river issues from Eden to water the garden, and it then divides and becomes four branches. The name of the first is Pishon, the one that winds through the whole land of Havilah, where the gold is. (The gold of that land is good; bdellium is there, and lapis lazuli.) The name of the second river is Gihon, the one that winds through the whole land of Cush. The name of the third river is Tigris, the one that flows east of Asshur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

The Lord God took the man and placed him in the garden of Eden, to till it and tend it. And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, "Of every tree of the garden you are free to eat; but as for the tree of knowledge of good and bad, you must not eat of it; for as soon as you eat of it, you shall die."

The Lord God said, "It is not good for man to be alone. I will make a fitting helper for him." And the Lord God formed out of the earth all the wild beasts and all the birds of the sky, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them; and whatever the man called each living creature, that would be its name. And the man gave names to all the cattle and to the birds of the sky and to all the wild beasts; but for Adam no fitting helper was found. So the Lord God cast a deep sleep upon the man; and, while he slept, He took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh at that spot. And the Lord God fashioned the rib that He had taken from the man into a woman; and He brought her to the man. Then the man said,

"This one at last
Is bone of my bones
And flesh of my flesh.
This one shall be called Woman,
For from man was she taken."

Hence a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, so that they become one flesh.

(34:12) Definition of Hebrew Term Ezer
Mollenkott refers to the Hebrew phrase "ezer knegdo" — found in the second chapter of Genesis, verse 18 — that was incorrectly translated in the King James version of the Bible as one word "helpmeet," and later changed to "helpmate." In his commentary, Rashi, a revered Jewish scholar from the Middle Ages, writes that the phrase "a help meet for him" — literally, "opposite, opposed to him" — means "If he is worthy she shall be a help to him; if he is unworthy she shall be opposed to him, to fight him."

The following account was taken from the second chapter of the King James Version of the Bible, verses 18 through 20:

And the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an helpmeet for him. And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an helpmeet for him.

(34:42) Scriptural Reference by Mollenkott
In saying she understands that New Testament scriptures emphasize the idea of marriage as being one flesh, Mollenkott cites a passage from the book of Ephesians. The following passage appears in the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, chapter 5, verses 21 through 33:

Be subject to one another out of reverence for Christ. Wives, be subject to your husbands as you are to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife just as Christ is the head of the church, the body of which he is the Savior. Just as the church is subject to Christ, so also wives ought to be, in everything, to their husbands. Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her, in order to make her holy by cleansing her with the washing of water by the word, so as to present the church to himself in splendor, without a spot or wrinkle or anything of the kind—yes, so that she may be holy and without blemish. In the same way, husbands should love their wives as they do their own bodies. He who loves his wife loves himself. For no one ever hates his own body, but he nourishes and tenderly cares for it, just as Christ does for the church, because we are members of his body. "For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two will become one flesh." This is a great mystery, and I am applying it to Christ and the church. Each of you, however, should love his wife as himself, and a wife should respect her husband.

(35:20–36:23) Music:
"Wondrous Love: What Wondrous Love Is This!" from American Angels, performed by Anonymous 4

(36:02) Hindu Saying of Namaste
For many Americans, the Hindu term namaste is commonly associated with the practice of yoga. Namaste represents the belief that there is a divine spark within each person and an acknowledgment of the soul in one by the soul in another. When broken down, namaste means "I bow to you."

(37:01) Reference to the Gospel of John
Mollenkott describes the transcendent nature of marriage and loving another person. She says it is this love that provides an avenue to loving the entire human race and the "light which lightens every human being born into the world." Read an extended version of the passage from the first chapter of the gospel of John, taken from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible:

The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it. There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. He came as a witness to testify to the light, so that all might believe through him. He himself was not the light, but he came to testify to the light. The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world. He was in the world, and the world came into being through him; yet the world did not know him. He came to what was his own, and his own people did not accept him. But to all who received him, who believed in his name, he gave power to become children of God, who were born, not of blood or of the will of the flesh or of the will of man, but of God. And the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory as of a father's only son, full of grace and truth.

(38:13) Slippery Slope Argument
Mollenkott cites a case, Loving vs. Virginia, that was brought before the Supreme Court of the United States in the summer of 1967. The Court determined that an anti-miscegenation statute — banning the marriage of people of different races — in Virginia was unconstitutional because it violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which include the due process and equal protection clauses.

Read the full opinion of the Supreme Court delivered by Chief Justice Warren. The following excerpt from the opinion illustrates the thought process of the Virginia trial judge being overturned:

"Almighty God created the races white, black, yellow, malay and red, and he placed them on separate continents. And but for the interference with his arrangement there would be no cause for such marriages. The fact that he separated the races shows that he did not intend for the races to mix."

(39:01–40:12) Music:
"Book Of Ways 1" from Book Of Ways, performed by Keith Jarrett

(39:22) Opinion Polls on Same-Sex Marriage
Krista mentions that opinion polls suggest that many Americans are in agreement with Richard Mouw on the subject of legalizing same-sex marriages. Data taken from a poll conducted by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press and the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life and published in November 2003 reveal that 59% of Americans oppose gay marriage as compared to 32% in favor of it.

The poll also shows that clergy in evangelical Protestant churches devote a significant amount of attention on homosexuality. Of churchgoing evangelicals, 68% say they hear about gay issues in church as compared to 49% of Catholics and 33% of mainline Protestants.

Rarum, Volume 1: Selected Recordings(46:08–46:44) Music:
"Americana" from Rarum, Volume 1: Selected Recordings, performed by Keith Jarrett

(49:29–51:12) Music:
"No. 1 In E-Flat Major" from Brahms: Piano Music, performed by Dubravka Tomsic

(51:07–52:51) Music:
"Holy Manna: Brethren, We Have Met to Worship" from American Angels, performed by Anonymous 4