Program Particulars
*Times indicated refer to web version of audio

(01:39–03:52) Music
"The Multiples of One" from Awakening, performed by Joseph Curiale

(01:29) Reference to Gibson Movie
The controversial blockbuster movie Krista refers to is The Passion of the Christ, directed by Mel Gibson.

(03:33) Quote from Joel Marcus' Book
The following excerpt Krista reads appears in Jesus and the Holocaust: Reflections on Suffering and Hope by Joel Marcus:

"In my early twenties, I became a Christian and later a New Testament scholar. But I continue to view myself as a Jew. This opinion is shared by Jewish law."

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This 1737 translation of Josephus's account of the Jewish rebellion against Rome survives from Thomas Jefferson's personal library. Courtesy: Library of Congress (Rare Book and Special Collections Division)

This younger Ananus, who, as we have told you already, took the high priesthood, was a bold man in his temper, and very insolent; he was also of the sect of the Sadducees, who are very rigid in judging offenders, above all the rest of the Jews, as we have already observed; when, therefore, Ananus was of this disposition, he thought he had now a proper opportunity [to exercise his authority]. Festus was now dead, and Albinus was but upon the road; so he assembled the sanhedrim of judges, and brought before them the brother of Jesus, who was called Christ, whose name was James, and some others, [or, some of his companions]; and when he had formed an accusation against them as breakers of the law, he delivered them to be stoned: but as for those who seemed the most equitable of the citizens, and such as were the most uneasy at the breach of the laws, they disliked what was done; they also sent to the king [Agrippa], desiring him to send to Ananus that he should act so no more, for that what he had already done was not to be justified; nay, some of them went also to meet Albinus, as he was upon his journey from Alexandria, and informed him that it was not lawful for Ananus to assemble a sanhedrim without his consent.

(07:01) Timeline of Gospels
Marcus and Krista discuss that the gospels and, in particular, John were written several decades after the crucifixion of Jesus. Early Christian Writings provides a comprehensive list of narratives coupled with estimated date ranges as to when they were written.

(08:35) Reading from the Gospel of John
Marcus was paraphrasing John 8:41-44 when he said, "The Jews are of their father the devil." Read an extended version from the book of John, chapter 8:

They said to him, "We are not illegitimate children; we have one father, God himself." Jesus said to them, "If God were your Father, you would love me, for I came from God and now I am here. Why do you not understand what I say? It is because you cannot bear to hear my word. You are of your father the devil, and your will is to do your father's desires. He was a murderer from the beginning…

(08:41–10:05 / 10:34–10:58) Music
"Longing" from Celestial Wedding, performed by Sheva

(13:28) Krista References Raymond Brown Article
Read Raymond Brown's entire article, The Narratives of Jesus' Passion and Anti-Judaism, that Krista mentions.

(13:52) Marcus Refers to Gospel of Luke Passage
Marcus states that examples illustrating amicable relationships between Jesus and Jewish groups can be found within the gospels, such as in the gospel of Luke. The passage he refers to can be found in chapter 13, verse 31 of Luke:

At that very hour some Pharisees came and said to him, "Get away from here, for Herod wants to kill you."

(14:20) Who Is Nicodemus?
In the gospel of John, Nicodemus, who is described as a Pharisee and a leader of the Jews (the Sanhedrin) in chapter 3, assisted Joseph of Arimathea in preparing and burying the body of Jesus (from John 19:38-42):

After these things, Joseph of Arimathea, who was a disciple of Jesus, though a secret one because of his fear of the Jews, asked Pilate to let him take away the body of Jesus. Pilate gave him permission; so he came and removed his body. Nicodemus, who had at first come to Jesus by night, also came, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, weighing about a hundred pounds. They took the body of Jesus and wrapped it with the spices in linen cloths, according to the burial custom of the Jews. Now there was a garden in the place where he was crucified, and in the garden there was a new tomb in which no one had ever been laid. And so, because it was the Jewish day of Preparation, and the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there.

(14:35) Marcus Mentions Gamaliel
Marcus is referring to the fifth chapter of the Book of Acts where Gamaliel, a Jewish leader, interrupts proceedings against Peter and the apostles because they were teaching in the temple (from Acts 5:34-40):

A Pharisee in the council named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law, respected by all the people, stood up and ordered the men to be put outside for a short time. Then he said to them, "Fellow Israelites, consider carefully what you propose to do to these men. For some time ago Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody, and a number of men, about four hundred, joined him; but he was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and disappeared. After him Judas the Galilean rose up at the time of the census and got people to follow him; he also perished, and all who followed him were scattered. So in the present case, I tell you, keep away from these men and let them alone; because if this plan or this undertaking is of human origin, it will fail; but if it is of God, you will not be able to overthrow them—in that case you may even be found fighting against God!" They were convinced by him, and when they had called in the apostles, they had them flogged. Then they ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and let them go.

(16:33–18:06) Music
"Song of Complaint" from The Passion of the Christ soundtrack, by John Debney

(17:14) Reading from Isaiah
In the following passage cited by Joel Marcus (Isaiah 53:4-5), Isaiah prophesies that a servant of God would be born who would suffer for all people:

Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows;
yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted.
But he was bruised for our iniquities;
upon him was the chastisement that made us whole,
and with his stripes we are healed.

(18:12) Chagall Painting
View an enlarged image of Marc Chagall's 1938 painting, White Crucifixion, that Marcus describes in the show.

(23:59–25:44) Music
"From Jewish Life: Jewish Song" from From Jewish Life, performed by Paul Marleyn

(25:36–27:40) Music
"Peaceful But Primitive/Procession" from The Passion of the Christ soundtrack, by John Debney

(29:04) Reading from Book by Jewish Author
The reading by Krista was excerpted from Chaim Potok's 1972 novel, My Name is Asher Lev:

I painted swiftly in a strange nerveless frenzy of energy. For all the pain you suffered, my mama. For all the torment of your past and future years, my mama. For all the anguish this picture of pain will cause you. For the Master of the Universe, whose suffering world I do not comprehend. For all these I created this painting — an observant Jew working on a crucifixion because there was no aesthetic mold in his own religious tradition into which he could pour a painting of ultimate anguish and torment.

(31:32–33:52) Music
"It Is Done" from The Passion of the Christ soundtrack, by John Debney

(31:55) Reading from Psalm 22
Stating that early Christian theology was shaped by Jewish scripture (i.e., the Old Testament), Marcus cites an example in the passion narratives of Mark and Matthew that allude to a passage from Psalm 22:

(34:37) Marcus' Quote of Paul
The quote Marcus attributes to Paul can be found in the eighth chapter of the Book of Romans, verses 11 through 14:

If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ from the dead will give life to your mortal bodies also through his Spirit that dwells in you. So then, brothers and sisters, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh—for if you live according to the flesh, you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live. For all who are led by the Spirit of God are children of God.

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Photograph courtesy of Philip Greenspun

(39:57–42:03) Music
"Starry Night, Opus 384" from Hovhaness Treasures, performed by the Northwest Sinfonia

(40:00) Reading of Letter by Apostle Paul
Read the following expanded version of Paul's letter (1 Corinthians 11:23-34) teaching the Corinthians about the last supper of Jesus:

For I received from the Lord what I also handed on to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took a loaf of bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, "This is my body that is for you. Do this in remembrance of me." In the same way he took the cup also, after supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood. Do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of me." For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes. Whoever, therefore, eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be answerable for

the body and blood of the Lord. Examine yourselves, and only then eat of the bread and drink of the cup. For all who eat and drink without discerning the body, eat and drink judgment against themselves. For this reason many of you are weak and ill, and some have died. But if we judged ourselves, we would not be judged. But when we are judged by the Lord, we are disciplined so that we may not be condemned along with the world. So then, my brothers and sisters, when you come together to eat, wait for one another. If you are hungry, eat at home, so that when you come together, it will not be for your condemnation.

(41:08) Krista's Quoting of Luke
The passage Krista quotes, "Father, forgive them for they know not what they do." can be found in the gospel of Luke. Read the passage Luke 23:32-43 in context:

Two others also, who were criminals, were led away to be put to death with him. When they came to the place that is called The Skull, they crucified Jesus there with the criminals, one on his right and one on his left. [Then Jesus said, "Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing."] And they cast lots to divide his clothing. And the people stood by, watching; but the leaders scoffed at him, saying, "He saved others; let him save himself if he is the Messiah of God, his chosen one!" The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine, and saying, "If you are the King of the Jews, save

yourself!" There was also an inscription over him, "This is the King of the Jews." One of the criminals who were hanged there kept deriding him and saying, "Are you not the Messiah? Save yourself and us!" But the other rebuked him, saying, "Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? And we indeed have been condemned justly, for we are getting what we deserve for our deeds, but this man has done nothing wrong." Then he said, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom." He replied, "Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in Paradise."

(42:17) Reading from Marcus Book
The excerpt Krista recites was excerpted from the chapter "The Earthquake" of Joel Marcus' book Jesus and the Holocaust:

If the earth quaked at Jesus' death, why did it not tremble at the death of six million of his fellow-Jews? If, in the Old Testament, it opened up to swallow Korah, Dathan, and Abiram for offering strange fire on the altar of the Lord (Numbers 16), why did it not open up to swallow Hitler, Eichmann, and Himmler for creating at Auschwitz a strange fire whose flames leaped up to heaven? And if Jesus' death meant the defeat of Satan, why does Satan, to quote the title of a popular book of the late 1970s, still seem to be alive and well and living on planet Earth—even now, fifty years after the Holocaust, and over nineteen hundred and fifty years after Jesus' death?

(44:20) Jesus' Last Words
Marcus tells Krista that the last words of Jesus in the gospels of Luke and John differ from those in Mark and Matthew (last words appear above). The former two authors depict a triumphant Jesus who prevails over suffering and appear below:

(47:46–48:25) Music
"From Jewish Life: Supplication" from From Jewish Life, performed by Paul Marleyn

(49:08) Reference to German Hymn
The German hymn Marcus mentions is Herzliebster Jesu, which is often translated as Ah, Holy Jesus.

(49:57–51:31) Music
"From Jewish Life: Jewish Song" from From Jewish Life, performed by Paul Marleyn

(51:22–52:55) Music
"Peaceful But Primitive/Procession" from The Passion of the Christ soundtrack, by John Debney